install java1.6,apache22,tomcat6

1.install java6
#whereis jdk16
#cd /usr/ports/java/jdk16
#make install clean

2.install apache22
#whereis apache22
#cd /usr/port/www/apache22
#make install clean

3.install tomcat6
#whereis tomcat6
#cd /usr/port/www/tomcat6
#make install clean

4.install mod_jk
#whereis mod_jk
#cd /usr/port/www/mod_jk
#make install clean

5.testing java,apache22,tomcat
#java -version
#/usr/local/sbin/apachectl start
# /usr/local/apache-tomcat6.0/bin/startup.sh
#telnet localhost 80
#telnet localhost 8180

install chinese input method

1.install scim program
#whereis scim-pinyin
#cd /usr/ports/chinese/scim-pinyin
#make install clean

2.install chinese input method
#whereis scim-tables
#cd /usr/ports/chinese/scim-tables
#make install clean

3.modify .profile
#ee ~/.profile
add lines as below
export XMODIFIERS='@im=SCIM'
export LANG=zh_TW.UTF-8
export LC_CTYPE=zh_TW.Big5
scim -d
alias ls='ls -G'

4.restart x windows


4.

setting ntp daemon

1.single machine use ntpdate at boot time
#ee /etc/rc.conf
add one line as below
ntpdate_enable="YES"

2.most machine use ntpd daemon
#ee /etc/ntp.conf
server asia.pool.ntp.org prefer
server 0.pool.ntp.org
server 1.pool.ntp.org
server 2.pool.ntp.org
server 3.pool.ntp.org
driftfile /var/db/ntp.drift

3.modify /etc/rc.conf to start ntpd daemon
#ee /etc/rc.conf
add one line as below
ntpd_enable="YES"

4.restart ntpd daemon without reboot machine
#ntpd -p `cat /var/run/ntpd.pid`

setting static ip address

1.confire interface identifier
#ifconfig

2.setting static ip address at boot
#ee /etc/rc.conf
ifconfig_re0="inet 192.168.1.22 netmask 255.255.255.0"
defaultrouter="192.168.1.1"

3.manual setting with command line
#ifconfig re0 down
#ifconfig re0 192.168.1.22 netmask 255.255.255.0
#ifconfig re0 up
#route add default 192.168.1.1

4.modify dns server
#ee /etc/resolv.conf
search domain
nameserver 168.95.1.1
nameserver 168.95.192.1

enable sshd service

1.modify /etc/rc.conf
#ee /etc/rc.conf

add new line as below
sshd_enable="YES"

2.modify syslog.conf to log users login status
#ee /etc/syslog.conf

modify line as below
security.*;auth.info

3.restart sshd and syslogd services
#/etc/rc.d/sshd restart
#/etc/rc.d/syslogd restart

mv mail from /var/ to /home

1.move mail from /var/mail to user's home
#cd /var/mail
#mkdir /home/tommy/mail
#mv /var/mail/tommy /home/tommy/mail

2.create soft link to /var/mail
#ln -s /home/tommy/mail/tommy

check disk setup

1.use mount to check disk status
#mount

2.use swapinfo to check variable swap partition
#swapinfo -h

3.use df to check partitions usage
#df -h

4.show slice of the disk
#fdisk /dev/ad0s1

port collection audit

1.install portaudit collection
#whereis portaudit
#cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portaudit
#make install clean

portaudit use database in /usr/local/etc/periodic/security/

2.update portaudit database
#portaduit -Fd

3.check vulnerability of installed packages
#portaudit -a

pkg_info usage

1.use to list all installed packages
#pkg_info -a | less

2.show index file of ports
#pkg_info -I python* | less

3.show info of installed packages
#pkg_info python* | less

4.show long description of installed package
#pkg_info -d python* | less

5.show comment of installed package
#pkg_info -c python* | less

6.show package list instruction
#pkg_info -f python26-2.6.2 | less

7.show all files within package
#pkg_info -L python26-2.6.2 | less

8.show packages requested depend on the package
#pkg_info -r python26-2.6.2

9.install package from remote site with verbose mode
#pkg_add -r -v lsof

10.install package with tgz file in PKGDIR or current directory
#pkg_add -r -v -K losf

11.report steps that world be taken
#pkg_delete -n lsof-4.82,4

12.remove package with no check dependences
#pkg_delete -f -v lsof-4.82,4

Find commands in your system

1.find first command in your path
#type ls

2.find command anywhere is your system
#locate ls
#/usr/libexec/locate.updatedb
update locate database

3.find standand library, man pages and source to fine command
#whereis ls

4.search path environment varible to fine command
#which ls

5.find commands from packages
#pkg_info -W openvpn

6.want to find man pages with certain keyword
#apropos passwd

7.search whatis database
#whatis passwd

virtual host setting

1.modify /etc/rc.conf
add lines as below
ifconfig_eth0="inet 192.168.1.39 netmask 255.255.255.0"
ifconfig_eth0_alias0="inet 10.10.10.1 netmask 255.255.255.255"
ifconfig_eth0_alias1="inet 10.10.10.2 netmask 255.255.255.255"
ifconfig_eth0_alias2="inet 10.10.10.3 netmask 255.255.255.255"
ifconfig_eth0_alias3="inet 10.10.10.4 netmask 255.255.255.255"
ifconfig_eth0_alias4="inet 10.10.10.5 netmask 255.255.255.255"

start service at boots

1.modify setting in rc.conf
#ee /etc/rc.conf

2.add new service to start
sshd_enable="YES"
apache22_enable="YES"

3.confirm service status at rc.conf
#/etc/rc.d/sshd rcvar
sshd_enable="YES"

4.confirm service status
#/etc/rc.d/sshd status

recompile kernel

1.install kernel source code
#sysinstall/configure/distribution/src/sys

2.cp GENERIC to new kernel
#cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf
#cp GENERIC /root/NEWKERNEL
#ln -s /root/NEWKERNEL

3.modify kernel setting
#ee NEWKERNEL

4.compile and install new kernel
#make cleandepend && make depend

5.if error occurs,please follow step2
#make && make install

6.reboot system to check new keneral
#reboot

make method for ports collection

1.greb source file for install
#make fetch

2.list all files need for install
#make fetch-list

3.check md5sum
#make checksum

4.extract file for work directory
#make extract

5.configure source file and don't install it
#make configure

6.unistall ports
#make deinstall

7.reinstall ports file
#make reinstall

8.make packages from source file
#make package

9.configure Options for this ports
#make config

install chinese desktop

1.install auto-tw-l10n
#whereis auto-tw-l10n
#cd /usr/ports/chinese/auto-tw-l10n
#make install clean

2.setting PACKAGEROOT
#export PACKAGEROOT="ftp://ftp.tw.FreeBSD.org"

3.merge all dot.file to your user home folder
#cd /usr/local/share/skel/zh_TW.Big5
#cat dot.cshrc >> ~/.cshrc
#cat dot.gtkrc >> ~/.gtkrc
#cat dot.vimrc >> ~/.vimrc
#cat dot.Xdefaults >> ~/.Xdefaults
#cat dot.emacs >> ~/.emacs
#cat dot.inputrc >> ~/.inputrc
#cat dot.xinitrc >> ~/.xinitrc
#cat dot.bashrc >> ~/.bashrc
#cat dot.fonts.conf >> ~/.fonts.conf
#cat dot.muttrc >> ~/.muttrc
#cat make.conf >> /etc/make.conf

4.install chinese fonts
#whereis kcfonts
#cd /usr/ports/chinese/kcfonts
#make install clean
#whereis moettf
#cd /usr/ports/chinese/moefft
#make install clean
#whereis arphicttf
#cd /usr/ports/chinese/arphicttf
#make install clean
#whereis wangttf
#cd /usr/ports/chinese/wangttf
#make install clean
#whereis ntuttf
#cd /usr/ports/chinese/ntuttf
#make install clean

5.install fontconfig program to set fonts
#whereis fontconfig
#cd /usr/ports/x11-fonts/fontconfig
#make install clean
if needs reinstall please follow instructions
#make deinstall
#make reinstall

6.use fc-cache to fetch installed font's data
#fc-cache -f -v

7.set localize
export LC_CTYPE=zh_TW.Big5
export LANG=zh_TW.Big5


12.rlogin your x windows

use make.conf to update port tree

1.make /etc/make.conf
#cp /usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf /etc/make.conf

2.modify below line of /etc/make.conf
SUP_UPDATE=yes
SUP=/usr/local/bin/cvsup
SUPFLAGS=-g -L 2
SUPHOST=cvsup.tw.FreeBSD.org
SUPFILE=/etc/cvsup/standard-sufile
PORTSSUPFILE=/etc/cvsup/ports-supfile
DOCSUPFILE=/etc/cvsup/doc-supfile

3.run update
#cd /usr/ports
#make update

4.if you want some file not be touched by cvsup, you can modify refuse
#cd /etc/cvsup
#vim refuse

install document viewer

1.install acroread9
#cd /usr/ports/print/acroread9
#make install clean

2.install PostScript and pdf viewer
#pkg_add -r -v gv

3.Install image management
#pkg_add -r -v gqview

install gimp and doc

1.install gimp program
#whereis gimp
#cd /usr/ports/graphics/gimp
#make install clean

2.install gimp pdf and html manual
#cd /usr/ports/graphics/gimp-manual-pdf
#make install clean
#cd /usr/ports/graphics/gimp-manual-html
#make install clean

install Macromedia flash and Swfdec plugin in filefox and mozilla

1.install linux_base-fc4 port
#cd /usr/ports/emulators/linux_base-fc4
#make install clean

2.install nspluginwrapper port
#cd /usr/ports/www/nspluginwrapper
#make install clean

3.install linux-flashplugin9
#cd /usr/ports/www/linux-flashplugin9
#make install clean
#nspluginwrapper -v -a -i

4.mount linux process file system
#mount -t linprocfs linproc /usr/compat/linux/proc

5.install swfdec flash plugin
#pkg_add -r -v swfdec-plugin

install jre plugin for firefox and mozilla

1.install javavmwrapper
#whereis javavmwrapper
#cd /usr/ports/java/javavmwrapper
#make install clean

2.fetch jdk6 from freebsd foundation
http://www.freebsdfoundation.org
download Diablo jdk

3.install diablo jdk
#pkg_add -v diablo-jdk-freebsd6.i386.1.6.0.07.02.tbz

4.check firefox plugin with jre
type about:plugins

5.#ln -s /usr/local/diablo-jdk1.6.0/plugin/i386/ns7/libjavaplugin_oji.so \
/usr/local/lib/browser_plugins/

5.restart firefox or mozilla

install opera web browser

1.use package to install opera
#pkg_add -r -v opera

2.run opera
#opera

nine sections of manual

1.Gerenal Commands

2.System Calls and error numbers

3.The C libraries

4.Devices and device drivers

5.File formats

6.Game instructions

7.Miscellaneous information

8.System maintenance commands

9.Keneral system commands

change Time zone with command line

1.copy time zone file to /etc/localtime
#cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Taipei /etc/localtime

2.sync with ntp server
#ntpdate pool.ntp.org

3.confirm time setting
#date

disk type identifier

ad a IDE DISK
da a SCSI DISK
fd a FLOPPY DISK

install xwindows

1.install xorg packages
#whereis xorg
#cd /usr/ports/x11/xorg
#make install clean
or
#sudo pkg_add -r -v xorg

2.create xorg.conf
#Xorg -configure

3.modify xorg.conf.new
#vim xorg.conf.new
add new line in ServerLayout
Option "DontZap" "Off"
Option "AutoAddDevices" "false"

add new line in Monitor
HorizSync 50-82
VertRefresh 50-85
Option "DPMS"

add new line in Screen
DefaultDepth 24
Modes "1024*768"

5.add new line to /etc/rc.conf
#vim /etc/rc.conf
hald_enable="YES"
dbus_enable="YES"

6.Testing xorg configuration
#Xorg -config xorg.conf.new -retro
if you see an x mouse cursor and move it to confirm it is ok

7.copy xorg.conf.new to /etc/xorg.conf
#cp xorg.conf.new /etc/xorg.conf

8.install gnome2 windows manager
#pkg_add -r -v gnome2

9.add new line to start gnome2
#echo "exec gnome-session" >> ~/.xinitrc

10.testing xwindows
#startx

add new user to use sudo

1.confirm sudo posistion of ports collection
#whereis sudo

2.install sudo with log function
#cd /usr/ports/security/sudo
#vim MakeFile
remove -disable-log-wrap
#make install clean

3.use root to add user and enable sudo log
#visudo
add new lines as below
Defaults syslog=auth
Defaults log_year,logfile=/var/log/sudo.log

4.enable syslogd service on /etc/rc.conf
#vim /etc/rc.conf
syslogd_enable="YES"

5.start syslogd service
#/etc/rc.d/syslogd start

install man and info

1.if you install freebsd with mini distribution, you won't with any man page and info

2.use sysinstall to install
#sysinstall

3.select post-install-->distribution

4.check info and man to install it.

watch user action

1.use w to confirm tty status for every user
#w

2.use watch command to monitor user action real time
#watch ttyv1

3.press Ctrl-G to return

recording history

1.enable accounting setting
#vim /etc/rc.conf
add line below
accounting_enable="YES"

2.start accounting service
#/etc/rc.d/accounting start

3.watch content
#lastcomm

4.confirm record folder
#cd /var/account

enable inetd service

1.add new line in rc.conf
#vim /etc/rc.conf
inetd_enable="YES"

2.start inetd service
#inetd -wW -C 60 or
#kill -HUP `cat /var/run/inetd.pid`

3.enable some service on inetd
#vim /etc/inetd.conf
remove some comment on service you want

4.restart inetd service
#kill -HUP `cat /var/run/inetd.pid`

port update method

1.install port update tools
#cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portupgrades
#make install clean

2.scan and fix port database
#pkgdb -F

3.update all ports with confirm
#portupgrades -ai

4.update single package and dependence
#portupgrads -R firefox

5.update single port
#portupgrades lsof

6.upgrade packages follow package, port install method
#portupgrades -P gnome2

7.upgrade package force to use package method
#portupgrade -PP gnome2

8.Clean all ports work directory
#portsclean -C

9.delete all packages in /usr/ports/distfiles
#portsclean -D

10.delete all files will not been used
#portsClean -DD

network setting

1.modify setting
#sysintall

2.restart nic serice
#sudo /etc/rc.d/netif stop
#sudo /etc/rc.d/netif start

3.reset routing table
#sudo /etc/rc.d/routing restart

4.confirm network setting
#sudo ifconfig

port collection install

1.install cvsup program to update port collection
#pkg_add -r cvsup-without-gui

2.mkdir cvsup folder in etc
#mkdir /etc/cvsup

3.copy example file to /etc/cvsup
#cp /usr/share/examples/cvsup/* /etc/cvsup

4.modify *-supfile
#vim /etc/cvsup/porst-supfile
#default host=cvsup.tw.FreeBSD.org

5.update port collection
#cvsup -g -L 2 /etc/cvsup/ports-supfile

package method

1.Install new package lsof
#pkg_add -r lsof

2.list all package installed
#pkg_info

3.compare package version with port tree
#pkg_version

= version equals port tree
< version older than port tree
> version newer than port tree ( port tree must update)
? no index to confirm version
* too much version had installed

4.remove package have installed
#pkg_info | grep lsot
#pkg_delete lsof-4.82,4

Install Gnome Desktop and start it

1.Install with package
#pkg_add -r -v gnome2

2.Use port to install
#cd /usr/port/x11/gnome2
#make clean
#make install
or you can use one command to combine
#make clean install

3.vim /etc/rc.conf
add one line as below
gnome_enable="YES"

4.add line to your .xsession
#echo 'exec gnome-session' >> ~/.xsession

5.start the xwindows
#startx

nine distribution sets

1.All contains absolutely everything
2.Developer including everything except games and X
3.X-Developer including everything except games
4.kern-Developer including freebsd programs and documents only for kernel source code
5.X-Kern-Developer Kern-Developer distributions plus the X windows system
6.User including freebsd operating system programs and documents without source code and X
7.X-User User distribution plus X
8.Minimal contains only for core freebsd programes
9.custom Define your own distribution set

Stand partitions on Freebsd

Freebsd standard installions needs five partitions
1. / for holding core system configuration files,kernel and most essential utilities.
2. swap for virtual memory use,at least twice as much swap as you can give
3. /var for frequently changing logs, mail spools, upgrade files from tools
4. /tmp for temporary data and open to all users
5. /usr for operating system programs, system source code, compilers and libraries

note:if you have more than one dis, put your data one one and the operating system on another.